This module covers how and why AI systems fail. You will learn to map architectural properties to specific risks, catalog the common failure modes that guardrails must address, and apply threat modeling methodology to any AI application.

A guardrail engineer must understand the risk landscape before designing defenses. Knowing that prompt injection exists is not enough — you need to understand why it works at an architectural level, how to categorize it alongside other failure modes, and how to systematically identify threats for any given system.

Section 0 Learning Objectives Section 1 Architecture-to-Risk Mapping Section 2 Common Failure Modes Section 3 Threat Modeling for AI Systems Section 4 Key Takeaways
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